Packet #352281 Success

TRACEROUTE_APP packet from GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN) to LZ4NY🙋📟🇧🇬 (MIRO)

3
Total Receptions
2
Unique Gateways
0
Hop Count
20
Payload Bytes
Packet Information
Database ID: 352281
Mesh Packet ID: 0x8da08b1e
Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp: 2026-06-12 18:24:50 UTC
From Node: GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)
To Node: LZ4NY🙋📟🇧🇬 (MIRO)
Success: Processed
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Port: 70
Gateway: LZ1OIA (Orli)
Channel: Bulgaria
RSSI: -76 dBm
SNR: 11.5 dBm
Hop Info: 0/2 hops
Start: 2, Limit: 2
Relay Node: 08 SFGN
Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions
Payload Data
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Size: 20 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Decoded Data:
Route Information
Route Path: Vratsa D2 🇧🇬🔋🌞🏡 (VRD2) → BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA) → Vitoshko Rele (VRR)
Hop Count: 2 hops
Status: Complete
SNR Towards: 13.5 dB 0.0 dB 0.5 dB 11.0 dB
Route Visualization

Loading route map...

Map shows the geographic path if nodes have shared location data.
Traceroute Steps
Hop From Node To Node Distance SNR (dB) Direction Analysis
1 GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN) Vratsa D2 🇧🇬🔋🌞🏡 (VRD2) 63.60 km 13.5 dB Origin Hops
2 Vratsa D2 🇧🇬🔋🌞🏡 (VRD2) BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA) 65.80 km 0.0 dB Relay Hops
3 BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA) Vitoshko Rele (VRR) 10.16 km 0.5 dB Destination Hops
Total Forward Distance
139.56 km
Combined Traceroute Graph
Controls: Drag nodes to rearrange • Mouse wheel to zoom • Click and drag background to pan • Hover for details

Building graph...

Legend & Paths
Nodes
🔄 Router Node
📡 Gateway Node
🚀 Source Node
🎯 Target Node
Connections
RF Link
Gateway Connection
Direct Reception (0 hops)
Packet Paths
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Raw Packet Analysis
Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis
Packet Structure
MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)
Total Size:20 bytes
Gateway:!db29e3b0
Channel:Bulgaria
Payload Type:TRACEROUTE_APP
Hop Count:0 / 2
Privacy Summary
Exposure Level:
Direct Message
Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Acknowledgment requested
+ 4 more...
Exposure Risks:
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)
MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

FieldValue
gateway_id !db29e3b0
Node ID format
channel_id Bulgaria
packet MeshPacket (20 bytes)
Contains the actual mesh network packet
MeshPacket Fields

Canonical MeshPacket view reconstructed from stored protobuf bytes.

FieldValueType
from 2661322504
Source node ID 		uint32
to 1786817921
Target node ID 		uint32
decoded.portnum TRACEROUTE_APP
TRACEROUTE_APP 		enum
decoded.payload_length 20 bytes size
hop_limit 2
Remaining hops allowed 		uint32
hop_start 2
Initial hop limit 		uint32
hops_taken 0
Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit 		derived
rx_rssi -76.0 dBm
Signal strength at gateway 		int32
rx_snr 11.50 dB
Signal quality at gateway 		float
rx_time 1781288689
Receive timestamp 		fixed32
via_mqtt False
Direct LoRa transmission 		bool
want_ack True
Acknowledgment requested 		bool
priority Not set enum
delayed Not set enum
channel 37
Channel index 		uint32
pki_encrypted False
Standard encryption 		bool
next_hop Not set uint32
relay_node 8
Relay node ID 		uint32
tx_after Not set uint32
timestamp Not set uint32
MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Direct Message
Privacy Features:
  • ✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
  • ✓ Acknowledgment requested
  • ✓ Targeted to specific node
  • ✓ Custom channel: Bulgaria
  • ✓ Gateway node ID tracked
  • ✓ Zero-hop: direct from source to MQTT gateway
Exposure Risks:
  • ⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
  • ⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)
MQTT-Specific Fields
Want ack: True
Gateway ID: !db29e3b0
Zero Hop Policy: Enabled
Direct gateway connection
Signal Metrics: RSSI: -76.0 dBm
SNR: 11.50 dB
Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:
Protocol:TRACEROUTE_APP
Size:20 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Complete Payload Data (JSON):
{ "route_nodes": [ 3041783218, 2997301288, 2996805976 ], "snr_towards": [ 13.5, 0.0, 0.5, 11.0 ], "route_back": [], "snr_back": [], "route_node_names": { "1786817921": "LZ4NY🙋📟🇧🇬 (MIRO)", "2997301288": "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "2661322504": "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)", "3041783218": "Vratsa D2 🇧🇬🔋🌞🏡 (VRD2)", "2996805976": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)" }, "traceroute_packet": { "packet_data": { "id": 352281, "timestamp": 1781288690.5830894, "from_node_id": 2661322504, "to_node_id": 1786817921, "portnum": 70, "portnum_name": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "gateway_id": "!db29e3b0", "channel_id": "Bulgaria", "mesh_packet_id": 2376108830, "rssi": -76, "snr": 11.5, "hop_limit": 2, "hop_start": 2, "payload_length": 20, "processed_successfully": 1, "raw_payload": "0a0cb2ed4db52830a7b258a19fb212043600022c", "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 1, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "rx_time": 1781288689, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 8, "tx_after": 0, "raw_service_envelope": "0a500d088fa09e1581ad806a18252a1f19aebe302a19ebb42721d705a50e4c6d0985c946aab71f2bfbecf7c8db420c351e8ba08d3df14e2c6a45000038414802500160b4ffffffffffffffff017802980108120842756c67617269611a09216462323965336230", "timestamp_str": "2026-06-12 18:24:50 UTC", "hop_count": 0, "has_payload": true, "success": 1, "from_node_name": "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)", "to_node_name": "LZ4NY🙋📟🇧🇬 (MIRO)", "relay_hex": "08", "relay_candidates": [ { "node_id": 2661322504, "node_name": "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️", "hex_id": "!9ea08f08", "short_name": "SFGN", "last_byte": "08" } ], "gateway_name": "LZ1OIA (Orli)", "gateway_location": null }, "resolve_names": true, "packet_id": 352281, "from_node_id": 2661322504, "to_node_id": 1786817921, "timestamp": 1781288690.5830894, "gateway_id": "!db29e3b0", "raw_payload": "0a0cb2ed4db52830a7b258a19fb212043600022c", "hop_limit": 2, "hop_start": 2, "from_node_name": "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)", "to_node_name": "LZ4NY🙋📟🇧🇬 (MIRO)", "route_data": { "route_nodes": [ 3041783218, 2997301288, 2996805976 ], "snr_towards": [ 13.5, 0.0, 0.5, 11.0 ], "route_back": [], "snr_back": [] }, "forward_path": { "path_type": "forward", "node_ids": [ 2661322504, 3041783218, 2997301288, 2996805976 ], "node_names": [ "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)", "Vratsa D2 🇧🇬🔋🌞🏡 (VRD2)", "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)" ], "snr_values": [ 13.5, 0.0, 0.5, 11.0 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 2661322504, "to_node_id": 3041783218, "from_node_name": "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)", "to_node_name": "Vratsa D2 🇧🇬🔋🌞🏡 (VRD2)", "snr": 13.5, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 63602.96808961266, "from_location_timestamp": 1781288604.1250684, "to_location_timestamp": 1781285397.356238, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.0h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 0.9h ago" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 3041783218, "to_node_id": 2997301288, "from_node_name": "Vratsa D2 🇧🇬🔋🌞🏡 (VRD2)", "to_node_name": "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "snr": 0.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 65800.26514249637, "from_location_timestamp": 1781285397.356238, "to_location_timestamp": 1781261086.4256845, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.9h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 7.7h ago" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 2997301288, "to_node_id": 2996805976, "from_node_name": "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "to_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "snr": 0.5, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 10157.741503805397, "from_location_timestamp": 1781261086.4256845, "to_location_timestamp": 1781254930.1471107, "from_location_age_warning": "from 7.7h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 9.4h ago" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 3 }, "return_path": null, "actual_rf_path": { "path_type": "forward_rf", "node_ids": [ 1786817921, 3041783218, 2997301288, 2996805976, 2661322504 ], "node_names": [ "LZ4NY🙋📟🇧🇬 (MIRO)", "Vratsa D2 🇧🇬🔋🌞🏡 (VRD2)", "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)" ], "snr_values": [ 13.5, 0.0, 0.5, 11.0 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 1786817921, "to_node_id": 3041783218, "from_node_name": "LZ4NY🙋📟🇧🇬 (MIRO)", "to_node_name": "Vratsa D2 🇧🇬🔋🌞🏡 (VRD2)", "snr": 13.5, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 3041783218, "to_node_id": 2997301288, "from_node_name": "Vratsa D2 🇧🇬🔋🌞🏡 (VRD2)", "to_node_name": "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "snr": 0.0, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 65800.26514249637, "from_location_timestamp": 1781285397.356238, "to_location_timestamp": 1781261086.4256845, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.9h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 7.7h ago" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 2997301288, "to_node_id": 2996805976, "from_node_name": "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "to_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "snr": 0.5, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 10157.741503805397, "from_location_timestamp": 1781261086.4256845, "to_location_timestamp": 1781254930.1471107, "from_location_age_warning": "from 7.7h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 9.4h ago" }, { "hop_number": 4, "from_node_id": 2996805976, "to_node_id": 2661322504, "from_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "to_node_name": "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)", "snr": 11.0, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 12394.40260383593, "from_location_timestamp": 1781254930.1471107, "to_location_timestamp": 1781288604.1250684, "from_location_age_warning": "from 9.4h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 0.0h ago" } ], "is_complete": true, "total_hops": 4 } }, "has_return_path": false, "is_complete": true, "forward_path_display": "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN) → Vratsa D2 🇧🇬🔋🌞🏡 (VRD2) → BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA) → Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "return_path_display": null, "actual_rf_path_display": "LZ4NY🙋📟🇧🇬 (MIRO) → Vratsa D2 🇧🇬🔋🌞🏡 (VRD2) → BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA) → Vitoshko Rele (VRR) → GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)", "forward_hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 2661322504, "to_node_id": 3041783218, "from_node_name": "GW Nadejda SF 🇧🇬🏢🛰️ (SFGN)", "to_node_name": "Vratsa D2 🇧🇬🔋🌞🏡 (VRD2)", "snr": 13.5, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 63602.96808961266, "from_location_timestamp": 1781288604.1250684, "to_location_timestamp": 1781285397.356238, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.0h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 0.9h ago" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 3041783218, "to_node_id": 2997301288, "from_node_name": "Vratsa D2 🇧🇬🔋🌞🏡 (VRD2)", "to_node_name": "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "snr": 0.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 65800.26514249637, "from_location_timestamp": 1781285397.356238, "to_location_timestamp": 1781261086.4256845, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.9h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 7.7h ago" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 2997301288, "to_node_id": 2996805976, "from_node_name": "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "to_node_name": "Vitoshko Rele (VRR)", "snr": 0.5, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 10157.741503805397, "from_location_timestamp": 1781261086.4256845, "to_location_timestamp": 1781254930.1471107, "from_location_age_warning": "from 7.7h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 9.4h ago" } ], "return_hops": [], "total_forward_distance": 139560.97473591444, "total_return_distance": null }
Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)
{ "service_envelope": { "packet": { "from": 2661322504, "to": 1786817921, "channel": 37, "decoded": { "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "payload": "Cgyy7U21KDCnslihn7ISBDYAAiw=", "request_id": 3549888501, "bitfield": 1 }, "id": 2376108830, "rx_time": 1781288689, "rx_snr": 11.5, "hop_limit": 2, "want_ack": true, "rx_rssi": -76, "hop_start": 2, "relay_node": 8 }, "channel_id": "Bulgaria", "gateway_id": "!db29e3b0" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 2661322504, "to": 1786817921, "channel": 37, "decoded": { "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "payload": "Cgyy7U21KDCnslihn7ISBDYAAiw=", "request_id": 3549888501, "bitfield": 1, "parsed_payload": { "route": [ 3041783218, 2997301288, 2996805976 ], "snr_towards": [ 54, 0, 2, 44 ], "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "message_class": "RouteDiscovery" } }, "id": 2376108830, "rx_time": 1781288689, "rx_snr": 11.5, "hop_limit": 2, "want_ack": true, "rx_rssi": -76, "hop_start": 2, "relay_node": 8 } }
Raw Packet Data (20 bytes)
0a0cb2ed4db52830a7b258a19fb212043600022c
Hex Analysis:
Size:20 bytes
Format:Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:Binary with varint and length-delimited fields
This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.
All Receptions
All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID
Reception Locations

Loading reception map...

Map shows gateway locations that received this packet. Hop counts are displayed if available.
Gateway Time Offset RSSI SNR Hops Relay Channel Timestamp Actions
LZ1OIA (Orli) Primary 0.000s
Reference 		-76.0 dBm 11.50 dB 0 08 SFGN Bulgaria 2026-06-12 18:24:50 UTC Current
0 hops (direct receptions) Gateways that heard the packet directly from the source
LZ1OIA (Orli) -0.096s
Before 		-76.0 dBm 11.50 dB 0 08 SFGN Bulgaria 2026-06-12 18:24:50 UTC View
2 hops Gateways that received this packet after 2 hops
LZ3WWW-MD-SF (🦄) +4.244s
After 		-123.0 dBm -1.00 dB 2 98 PHRG Bulgaria 2026-06-12 18:24:54 UTC View
3

Total Receptions

2

Unique Gateways