Packet #2254232 Success

TRACEROUTE_APP packet from TaC LuBo (lUbO) to Miro LZ3MVM (MIR2)

1
Total Receptions
1
Unique Gateways
2
Hop Count
38
Payload Bytes
Packet Information
Database ID: 2254232
Mesh Packet ID: 0x2d0eb1a0
Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp: 2026-04-09 13:59:39 UTC
From Node: TaC LuBo (lUbO)
To Node: Miro LZ3MVM (MIR2)
Success: Processed
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Port: 70
Gateway: K3000 (k300)
Channel: Bulgaria
RSSI: -48 dBm
SNR: 12.25 dBm
Hop Info: 2/2 hops
Start: 2, Limit: 0
Relay Node: 2b KMSH
Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions
Payload Data
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Size: 38 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Decoded Data:
Route Information
Route Path: BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)
Hop Count: 0 hops
Status: Forward incomplete, Return in progress
SNR Towards: 0.0 dB 2.5 dB
Return Path: BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA) → Gerena (R+GW) (GERE) → Kosanin Mesh (KMSH)
SNR Back: 6.75 dB 9.5 dB -6.75 dB
Traceroute Steps
Hop From Node To Node Distance SNR (dB) Direction Analysis
1 Miro LZ3MVM (MIR2) BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA) 6.36 km 0.0 dB Origin Hops
2 BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA) TaC LuBo (lUbO) 2.49 km 2.5 dB Relay Hops
Traceroute incomplete - Final destination not reached
Return Path Steps
Hop From Node To Node Distance SNR (dB) Direction Analysis
1 TaC LuBo (lUbO) BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA) 2.49 km 6.75 dB Return Start Hops
2 BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA) Gerena (R+GW) (GERE) 2.92 km 9.5 dB Return Relay Hops
3 Gerena (R+GW) (GERE) Kosanin Mesh (KMSH) Unknown -6.75 dB Return End Hops
Total Forward Distance
8.86 km
Total Return Distance
5.41 km
Combined Traceroute Graph
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Legend & Paths
Nodes
🔄 Router Node
📡 Gateway Node
🚀 Source Node
🎯 Target Node
Connections
RF Link
Gateway Connection
Direct Reception (0 hops)
Packet Paths
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Raw Packet Analysis
Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis
Packet Structure
MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)
Total Size:38 bytes
Gateway:!0407c954
Channel:Bulgaria
Payload Type:TRACEROUTE_APP
Hop Count:2 / 2
Privacy Summary
Exposure Level:
Direct Message
Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Acknowledgment requested
+ 3 more...
Exposure Risks:
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ Multi-hop path visible (2 hops)
+ 1 more...
MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

FieldValue
gateway_id !0407c954
Node ID format
channel_id Bulgaria
packet MeshPacket (38 bytes)
Contains the actual mesh network packet
MeshPacket Fields

Canonical MeshPacket view reconstructed from stored protobuf bytes.

FieldValueType
from 1509282409
Source node ID 		uint32
to 1770156012
Target node ID 		uint32
decoded.portnum TRACEROUTE_APP
TRACEROUTE_APP 		enum
decoded.payload_length 38 bytes size
hop_limit Not set uint32
hop_start 2
Initial hop limit 		uint32
hops_taken 2
Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit 		derived
rx_rssi -48.0 dBm
Signal strength at gateway 		int32
rx_snr 12.25 dB
Signal quality at gateway 		float
rx_time 1775743179
Receive timestamp 		fixed32
via_mqtt False
Direct LoRa transmission 		bool
want_ack True
Acknowledgment requested 		bool
priority Not set enum
delayed Not set enum
channel 37
Channel index 		uint32
pki_encrypted False
Standard encryption 		bool
next_hop Not set uint32
relay_node 43
Relay node ID 		uint32
tx_after Not set uint32
timestamp Not set uint32
MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Direct Message
Privacy Features:
  • ✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
  • ✓ Acknowledgment requested
  • ✓ Targeted to specific node
  • ✓ Custom channel: Bulgaria
  • ✓ Gateway node ID tracked
Exposure Risks:
  • ⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
  • ⚠ Multi-hop path visible (2 hops)
  • ⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)
MQTT-Specific Fields
Want ack: True
Gateway ID: !0407c954
Signal Metrics: RSSI: -48.0 dBm
SNR: 12.25 dB
Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:
Protocol:TRACEROUTE_APP
Size:38 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Complete Payload Data (JSON):
{ "route_nodes": [ 2997301288 ], "snr_towards": [ 0.0, 2.5 ], "route_back": [ 2997301288, 2997305536, 3890432299 ], "snr_back": [ 6.75, 9.5, -6.75 ], "route_node_names": { "2997305536": "Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)", "2997301288": "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "1509282409": "TaC LuBo (lUbO)", "3890432299": "Kosanin Mesh (KMSH)", "1770156012": "Miro LZ3MVM (MIR2)" }, "traceroute_packet": { "packet_data": { "id": 2254232, "timestamp": 1775743179.7294767, "from_node_id": 1509282409, "to_node_id": 1770156012, "portnum": 70, "portnum_name": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "gateway_id": "!0407c954", "channel_id": "Bulgaria", "mesh_packet_id": 755937696, "rssi": -48, "snr": 12.25, "hop_limit": 0, "hop_start": 2, "payload_length": 38, "processed_successfully": 1, "raw_payload": "0a042830a7b21202000a1a0c2830a7b2c040a7b22b49e3e7220c1b26e5ffffffffffffffff01", "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 1, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "rx_time": 1775743179, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 43, "tx_after": 0, "raw_service_envelope": "0a630d69d2f55915ec6f826918252a3133c861ead6ef880d026ea75319ade12f679be606ff94769cb0d0c084aec71efcae2bccbc3126482eff71944d866fd2f9dc35a0b10e2d3dcbb0d7694500004441500160d0ffffffffffffffff01780298012ba80101120842756c67617269611a09213034303763393534", "timestamp_str": "2026-04-09 13:59:39 UTC", "hop_count": 2, "has_payload": true, "success": 1, "from_node_name": "TaC LuBo (lUbO)", "to_node_name": "Miro LZ3MVM (MIR2)", "relay_hex": "2b", "relay_candidates": [ { "node_id": 3890432299, "node_name": "Kosanin Mesh", "hex_id": "!e7e3492b", "short_name": "KMSH", "last_byte": "2b" } ], "gateway_name": "K3000 (k300)", "gateway_location": { "node_id": 67619156, "latitude": 42.606592, "longitude": 23.38816, "altitude": 670, "timestamp": 1776011828.470486, "timestamp_str": "2026-04-12 16:37:08", "display_name": "K3000", "long_name": "K3000", "short_name": "k300", "hw_model": "HELTEC_V3" } }, "resolve_names": true, "packet_id": 2254232, "from_node_id": 1509282409, "to_node_id": 1770156012, "timestamp": 1775743179.7294767, "gateway_id": "!0407c954", "raw_payload": "0a042830a7b21202000a1a0c2830a7b2c040a7b22b49e3e7220c1b26e5ffffffffffffffff01", "hop_limit": 0, "hop_start": 2, "from_node_name": "TaC LuBo (lUbO)", "to_node_name": "Miro LZ3MVM (MIR2)", "route_data": { "route_nodes": [ 2997301288 ], "snr_towards": [ 0.0, 2.5 ], "route_back": [ 2997301288, 2997305536, 3890432299 ], "snr_back": [ 6.75, 9.5, -6.75 ] }, "forward_path": { "path_type": "forward_with_return", "node_ids": [ 1770156012, 2997301288, 1509282409 ], "node_names": [ "Miro LZ3MVM (MIR2)", "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "TaC LuBo (lUbO)" ], "snr_values": [ 0.0, 2.5 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 1770156012, "to_node_id": 2997301288, "from_node_name": "Miro LZ3MVM (MIR2)", "to_node_name": "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "snr": 0.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 6364.8833238141515, "from_location_timestamp": 1775773139.9284763, "to_location_timestamp": 1768288418.385635, "from_location_age_warning": "from 8.3h later", "to_location_age_warning": "from 12.3w ago" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2997301288, "to_node_id": 1509282409, "from_node_name": "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "to_node_name": "TaC LuBo (lUbO)", "snr": 2.5, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 2491.877392116516, "from_location_timestamp": 1768288418.385635, "to_location_timestamp": 1775736563.7279077, "from_location_age_warning": "from 12.3w ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.8h ago" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 2 }, "return_path": { "path_type": "return", "node_ids": [ 1509282409, 2997301288, 2997305536, 3890432299 ], "node_names": [ "TaC LuBo (lUbO)", "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)", "Kosanin Mesh (KMSH)" ], "snr_values": [ 6.75, 9.5, -6.75 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 1509282409, "to_node_id": 2997301288, "from_node_name": "TaC LuBo (lUbO)", "to_node_name": "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "snr": 6.75, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 2491.877392116516, "from_location_timestamp": 1775736563.7279077, "to_location_timestamp": 1768288418.385635, "from_location_age_warning": "from 1.8h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 12.3w ago" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2997301288, "to_node_id": 2997305536, "from_node_name": "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "to_node_name": "Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)", "snr": 9.5, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 2920.8702721767245, "from_location_timestamp": 1768288418.385635, "to_location_timestamp": 1775704438.6895924, "from_location_age_warning": "from 12.3w ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 10.8h ago" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 2997305536, "to_node_id": 3890432299, "from_node_name": "Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)", "to_node_name": "Kosanin Mesh (KMSH)", "snr": -6.75, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 3 }, "actual_rf_path": { "path_type": "combined_rf", "node_ids": [ 1770156012, 2997301288, 1509282409, 2997305536, 3890432299 ], "node_names": [ "Miro LZ3MVM (MIR2)", "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "TaC LuBo (lUbO)", "Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)", "Kosanin Mesh (KMSH)" ], "snr_values": [ 0.0, 2.5, 6.75, 9.5, -6.75 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 1770156012, "to_node_id": 2997301288, "from_node_name": "Miro LZ3MVM (MIR2)", "to_node_name": "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "snr": 0.0, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 6364.8833238141515, "from_location_timestamp": 1775773139.9284763, "to_location_timestamp": 1768288418.385635, "from_location_age_warning": "from 8.3h later", "to_location_age_warning": "from 12.3w ago" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2997301288, "to_node_id": 1509282409, "from_node_name": "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "to_node_name": "TaC LuBo (lUbO)", "snr": 2.5, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 2491.877392116516, "from_location_timestamp": 1768288418.385635, "to_location_timestamp": 1775736563.7279077, "from_location_age_warning": "from 12.3w ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.8h ago" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 1509282409, "to_node_id": 2997301288, "from_node_name": "TaC LuBo (lUbO)", "to_node_name": "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "snr": 6.75, "direction": "return_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 2491.877392116516, "from_location_timestamp": 1775736563.7279077, "to_location_timestamp": 1768288418.385635, "from_location_age_warning": "from 1.8h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 12.3w ago" }, { "hop_number": 4, "from_node_id": 2997301288, "to_node_id": 2997305536, "from_node_name": "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "to_node_name": "Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)", "snr": 9.5, "direction": "return_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 2920.8702721767245, "from_location_timestamp": 1768288418.385635, "to_location_timestamp": 1775704438.6895924, "from_location_age_warning": "from 12.3w ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 10.8h ago" }, { "hop_number": 5, "from_node_id": 2997305536, "to_node_id": 3890432299, "from_node_name": "Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)", "to_node_name": "Kosanin Mesh (KMSH)", "snr": -6.75, "direction": "return_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 5 } }, "has_return_path": true, "is_complete": false, "forward_path_display": "Miro LZ3MVM (MIR2) → BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA) → TaC LuBo (lUbO)", "return_path_display": "TaC LuBo (lUbO) → BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA) → Gerena (R+GW) (GERE) → Kosanin Mesh (KMSH)", "actual_rf_path_display": "Miro LZ3MVM (MIR2) → BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA) → TaC LuBo (lUbO) → Gerena (R+GW) (GERE) → Kosanin Mesh (KMSH)", "forward_hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 1770156012, "to_node_id": 2997301288, "from_node_name": "Miro LZ3MVM (MIR2)", "to_node_name": "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "snr": 0.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 6364.8833238141515, "from_location_timestamp": 1775773139.9284763, "to_location_timestamp": 1768288418.385635, "from_location_age_warning": "from 8.3h later", "to_location_age_warning": "from 12.3w ago" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2997301288, "to_node_id": 1509282409, "from_node_name": "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "to_node_name": "TaC LuBo (lUbO)", "snr": 2.5, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 2491.877392116516, "from_location_timestamp": 1768288418.385635, "to_location_timestamp": 1775736563.7279077, "from_location_age_warning": "from 12.3w ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.8h ago" } ], "return_hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 1509282409, "to_node_id": 2997301288, "from_node_name": "TaC LuBo (lUbO)", "to_node_name": "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "snr": 6.75, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 2491.877392116516, "from_location_timestamp": 1775736563.7279077, "to_location_timestamp": 1768288418.385635, "from_location_age_warning": "from 1.8h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 12.3w ago" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2997301288, "to_node_id": 2997305536, "from_node_name": "BSBK28 LZ1S/r SWATbg 🇧🇬 🏣 (PAPA)", "to_node_name": "Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)", "snr": 9.5, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 2920.8702721767245, "from_location_timestamp": 1768288418.385635, "to_location_timestamp": 1775704438.6895924, "from_location_age_warning": "from 12.3w ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 10.8h ago" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 2997305536, "to_node_id": 3890432299, "from_node_name": "Gerena (R+GW) (GERE)", "to_node_name": "Kosanin Mesh (KMSH)", "snr": -6.75, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "total_forward_distance": 8856.760715930668, "total_return_distance": 5412.747664293241 }
Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)
{ "service_envelope": { "packet": { "from": 1509282409, "to": 1770156012, "channel": 37, "decoded": { "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "payload": "CgQoMKeyEgIAChoMKDCnssBAp7IrSePnIgwbJuX//////////wE=", "request_id": 1350416799, "bitfield": 0 }, "id": 755937696, "rx_time": 1775743179, "rx_snr": 12.25, "want_ack": true, "rx_rssi": -48, "hop_start": 2, "relay_node": 43, "transport_mechanism": "TRANSPORT_LORA" }, "channel_id": "Bulgaria", "gateway_id": "!0407c954" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 1509282409, "to": 1770156012, "channel": 37, "decoded": { "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "payload": "CgQoMKeyEgIAChoMKDCnssBAp7IrSePnIgwbJuX//////////wE=", "request_id": 1350416799, "bitfield": 0, "parsed_payload": { "route": [ 2997301288 ], "snr_towards": [ 0, 10 ], "route_back": [ 2997301288, 2997305536, 3890432299 ], "snr_back": [ 27, 38, -27 ], "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "message_class": "RouteDiscovery" } }, "id": 755937696, "rx_time": 1775743179, "rx_snr": 12.25, "want_ack": true, "rx_rssi": -48, "hop_start": 2, "relay_node": 43, "transport_mechanism": "TRANSPORT_LORA" } }
Raw Packet Data (38 bytes)
0a042830a7b21202000a1a0c2830a7b2c040a7b22b49e3e7220c1b26e5ffffffffffffffff01
Hex Analysis:
Size:38 bytes
Format:Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:Binary with varint and length-delimited fields
This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.
All Receptions
All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID
Gateway Time Offset RSSI SNR Hops Relay Channel Timestamp Actions
K3000 (k300) Primary 0.000s
Reference 		-48.0 dBm 12.25 dB 2 2b KMSH Bulgaria 2026-04-09 13:59:39 UTC Current
No other receptions found within ±2 seconds
1

Total Receptions

1

Unique Gateways