Packet #82351 Success

TRACEROUTE_APP packet from !e7f1af62 to LZ1IRQ/P (IRQp)

2
Total Receptions
1
Unique Gateways
0
Hop Count
61
Payload Bytes
Packet Information
Database ID: 82351
Mesh Packet ID: 0x2d86f529
Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp: 2025-11-16 18:02:23 UTC
From Node: !e7f1af62 (af62)
To Node: LZ1IRQ/P (IRQp)
Success: Processed
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Port: 70
Gateway: Kozarsko GW (KZRG)
Channel: Bulgaria
RSSI: -39 dBm
SNR: 6.25 dBm
Hop Info: 0/2 hops
Start: 2, Limit: 2
Relay Node: 71 a671
Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions
Payload Data
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Size: 61 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Decoded Data:
Route Information
Route Path: !80a1f88c → LZ5AE Войсил ☀️ (VO-1) → Kozarsko GW (KZRG) → !948fa671
Hop Count: 3 hops
Status: Forward complete, Return in progress
SNR Towards: -12.5 dB -10.0 dB 0.0 dB 5.5 dB 0.25 dB
Return Path: !948fa671
SNR Back: -7.0 dB
Route Visualization

Loading route map...

Map shows the geographic path if nodes have shared location data.
Traceroute Steps
Hop From Node To Node Distance SNR (dB) Direction Analysis
1 LZ1IRQ/P (IRQp) !80a1f88c Unknown -12.5 dB Origin Hops
2 !80a1f88c LZ5AE Войсил ☀️ (VO-1) Unknown -10.0 dB Relay Hops
3 LZ5AE Войсил ☀️ (VO-1) Kozarsko GW (KZRG) 25.04 km 0.0 dB Relay Hops
4 Kozarsko GW (KZRG) !948fa671 Unknown 5.5 dB Relay Hops
5 !948fa671 !e7f1af62 Unknown 0.25 dB Destination Hops
Return Path Steps
Hop From Node To Node Distance SNR (dB) Direction Analysis
1 !e7f1af62 !948fa671 Unknown -7.0 dB Return Start Hops
Total Forward Distance
25.04 km
Combined Traceroute Graph
Controls: Drag nodes to rearrange • Mouse wheel to zoom • Click and drag background to pan • Hover for details

Building graph...

Legend & Paths
Nodes
🔄 Router Node
📡 Gateway Node
🚀 Source Node
🎯 Target Node
Connections
RF Link
Gateway Connection
Direct Reception (0 hops)
Packet Paths
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Raw Packet Analysis
Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis
Packet Structure
MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)
Total Size:61 bytes
Gateway:!9ea0af34
Channel:Bulgaria
Payload Type:TRACEROUTE_APP
Hop Count:0 / 2
Privacy Summary
Exposure Level:
Direct Message
Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Acknowledgment requested
+ 4 more...
Exposure Risks:
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)
MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

FieldValue
gateway_id !9ea0af34
Node ID format
channel_id Bulgaria
packet MeshPacket (61 bytes)
Contains the actual mesh network packet
MeshPacket Fields

Canonical MeshPacket view reconstructed from stored protobuf bytes.

FieldValueType
from 3891375970
Source node ID 		uint32
to 2505744812
Target node ID 		uint32
decoded.portnum TRACEROUTE_APP
TRACEROUTE_APP 		enum
decoded.payload_length 61 bytes size
hop_limit 2
Remaining hops allowed 		uint32
hop_start 2
Initial hop limit 		uint32
hops_taken 0
Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit 		derived
rx_rssi -39.0 dBm
Signal strength at gateway 		int32
rx_snr 6.25 dB
Signal quality at gateway 		float
rx_time 1763316141
Receive timestamp 		fixed32
via_mqtt False
Direct LoRa transmission 		bool
want_ack True
Acknowledgment requested 		bool
priority Not set enum
delayed Not set enum
channel 37
Channel index 		uint32
pki_encrypted False
Standard encryption 		bool
next_hop Not set uint32
relay_node 113
Relay node ID 		uint32
tx_after Not set uint32
timestamp Not set uint32
MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Direct Message
Privacy Features:
  • ✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
  • ✓ Acknowledgment requested
  • ✓ Targeted to specific node
  • ✓ Custom channel: Bulgaria
  • ✓ Gateway node ID tracked
  • ✓ Zero-hop: direct from source to MQTT gateway
Exposure Risks:
  • ⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
  • ⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)
MQTT-Specific Fields
Want ack: True
Gateway ID: !9ea0af34
Zero Hop Policy: Enabled
Direct gateway connection
Signal Metrics: RSSI: -39.0 dBm
SNR: 6.25 dB
Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:
Protocol:TRACEROUTE_APP
Size:61 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Complete Payload Data (JSON):
{ "route_nodes": [ 2158098572, 1658450892, 2661330740, 2492442225 ], "snr_towards": [ -12.5, -10.0, 0.0, 5.5, 0.25 ], "route_back": [ 2492442225 ], "snr_back": [ -7.0 ], "route_node_names": { "3891375970": "!e7f1af62", "1658450892": "LZ5AE Войсил ☀️ (VO-1)", "2158098572": "!80a1f88c", "2505744812": "LZ1IRQ/P (IRQp)", "2492442225": "!948fa671", "2661330740": "Kozarsko GW (KZRG)" }, "traceroute_packet": { "packet_data": { "id": 82351, "timestamp": 1763316143.448306, "from_node_id": 3891375970, "to_node_id": 2505744812, "portnum": 70, "portnum_name": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "gateway_id": "!9ea0af34", "channel_id": "Bulgaria", "mesh_packet_id": 763819305, "rssi": -39, "snr": 6.25, "hop_limit": 2, "hop_start": 2, "payload_length": 61, "processed_successfully": 1, "raw_payload": "0a108cf8a180ccf3d96234afa09e71a68f941217ceffffffffffffffff01d8ffffffffffffffff010016011a0471a68f94220ae4ffffffffffffffff01", "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 1, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "rx_time": 1763316141, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 113, "tx_after": 0, "raw_service_envelope": "0a790d62aff1e715aca15a9518252a48dff87a948aa4976d1eb758ed0fa7a80fc74197f277a3fa1c0d500e2bf476aec124ce9817d29f8a8735ee57cc9efb4587d1f40e4c0deb25f9b0cd2f1a32bb5de5e69c40fd48c709113529f5862d3dad111a69450000c8404802500160d9ffffffffffffffff017802980171120842756c67617269611a09213965613061663334", "timestamp_str": "2025-11-16 18:02:23 UTC", "hop_count": 0, "has_payload": true, "success": 1, "from_node_name": "!e7f1af62", "to_node_name": "LZ1IRQ/P (IRQp)", "relay_hex": "71", "relay_candidates": [ { "node_id": 2492442225, "node_name": "!948fa671", "hex_id": "!948fa671", "short_name": "a671", "last_byte": "71" } ], "gateway_name": "Kozarsko GW (KZRG)", "gateway_location": { "node_id": 2661330740, "latitude": 42.0610048, "longitude": 24.4187136, "altitude": null, "timestamp": 1764124558.7491055, "timestamp_str": "2025-11-26 02:35:58", "display_name": "Kozarsko GW", "long_name": "Kozarsko GW", "short_name": "KZRG", "hw_model": "HELTEC_WSL_V3" } }, "resolve_names": true, "packet_id": 82351, "from_node_id": 3891375970, "to_node_id": 2505744812, "timestamp": 1763316143.448306, "gateway_id": "!9ea0af34", "raw_payload": "0a108cf8a180ccf3d96234afa09e71a68f941217ceffffffffffffffff01d8ffffffffffffffff010016011a0471a68f94220ae4ffffffffffffffff01", "hop_limit": 2, "hop_start": 2, "from_node_name": "!e7f1af62", "to_node_name": "LZ1IRQ/P (IRQp)", "route_data": { "route_nodes": [ 2158098572, 1658450892, 2661330740, 2492442225 ], "snr_towards": [ -12.5, -10.0, 0.0, 5.5, 0.25 ], "route_back": [ 2492442225 ], "snr_back": [ -7.0 ] }, "forward_path": { "path_type": "forward_with_return", "node_ids": [ 2505744812, 2158098572, 1658450892, 2661330740, 2492442225, 3891375970 ], "node_names": [ "LZ1IRQ/P (IRQp)", "!80a1f88c", "LZ5AE Войсил ☀️ (VO-1)", "Kozarsko GW (KZRG)", "!948fa671", "!e7f1af62" ], "snr_values": [ -12.5, -10.0, 0.0, 5.5, 0.25 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 2505744812, "to_node_id": 2158098572, "from_node_name": "LZ1IRQ/P (IRQp)", "to_node_name": "!80a1f88c", "snr": -12.5, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2158098572, "to_node_id": 1658450892, "from_node_name": "!80a1f88c", "to_node_name": "LZ5AE Войсил ☀️ (VO-1)", "snr": -10.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 1658450892, "to_node_id": 2661330740, "from_node_name": "LZ5AE Войсил ☀️ (VO-1)", "to_node_name": "Kozarsko GW (KZRG)", "snr": 0.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 25043.058258113946, "from_location_timestamp": 1768416573.3232055, "to_location_timestamp": 1762696715.3808465, "from_location_age_warning": "from 8.4w later", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.0w ago" }, { "hop_number": 4, "from_node_id": 2661330740, "to_node_id": 2492442225, "from_node_name": "Kozarsko GW (KZRG)", "to_node_name": "!948fa671", "snr": 5.5, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 5, "from_node_id": 2492442225, "to_node_id": 3891375970, "from_node_name": "!948fa671", "to_node_name": "!e7f1af62", "snr": 0.25, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 5 }, "return_path": { "path_type": "return", "node_ids": [ 3891375970, 2492442225 ], "node_names": [ "!e7f1af62", "!948fa671" ], "snr_values": [ -7.0 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 3891375970, "to_node_id": 2492442225, "from_node_name": "!e7f1af62", "to_node_name": "!948fa671", "snr": -7.0, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 1 }, "actual_rf_path": { "path_type": "combined_rf", "node_ids": [ 2505744812, 2158098572, 1658450892, 2661330740, 2492442225, 3891375970 ], "node_names": [ "LZ1IRQ/P (IRQp)", "!80a1f88c", "LZ5AE Войсил ☀️ (VO-1)", "Kozarsko GW (KZRG)", "!948fa671", "!e7f1af62" ], "snr_values": [ -12.5, -10.0, 0.0, 5.5, 0.25, -7.0 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 2505744812, "to_node_id": 2158098572, "from_node_name": "LZ1IRQ/P (IRQp)", "to_node_name": "!80a1f88c", "snr": -12.5, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2158098572, "to_node_id": 1658450892, "from_node_name": "!80a1f88c", "to_node_name": "LZ5AE Войсил ☀️ (VO-1)", "snr": -10.0, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 1658450892, "to_node_id": 2661330740, "from_node_name": "LZ5AE Войсил ☀️ (VO-1)", "to_node_name": "Kozarsko GW (KZRG)", "snr": 0.0, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 25043.058258113946, "from_location_timestamp": 1768416573.3232055, "to_location_timestamp": 1762696715.3808465, "from_location_age_warning": "from 8.4w later", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.0w ago" }, { "hop_number": 4, "from_node_id": 2661330740, "to_node_id": 2492442225, "from_node_name": "Kozarsko GW (KZRG)", "to_node_name": "!948fa671", "snr": 5.5, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 5, "from_node_id": 2492442225, "to_node_id": 3891375970, "from_node_name": "!948fa671", "to_node_name": "!e7f1af62", "snr": 0.25, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 6, "from_node_id": 3891375970, "to_node_id": 2492442225, "from_node_name": "!e7f1af62", "to_node_name": "!948fa671", "snr": -7.0, "direction": "return_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 6 } }, "has_return_path": true, "is_complete": true, "forward_path_display": "LZ1IRQ/P (IRQp) → !80a1f88c → LZ5AE Войсил ☀️ (VO-1) → Kozarsko GW (KZRG) → !948fa671 → !e7f1af62", "return_path_display": "!e7f1af62 → !948fa671", "actual_rf_path_display": "LZ1IRQ/P (IRQp) → !80a1f88c → LZ5AE Войсил ☀️ (VO-1) → Kozarsko GW (KZRG) → !948fa671 → !e7f1af62", "forward_hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 2505744812, "to_node_id": 2158098572, "from_node_name": "LZ1IRQ/P (IRQp)", "to_node_name": "!80a1f88c", "snr": -12.5, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2158098572, "to_node_id": 1658450892, "from_node_name": "!80a1f88c", "to_node_name": "LZ5AE Войсил ☀️ (VO-1)", "snr": -10.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 1658450892, "to_node_id": 2661330740, "from_node_name": "LZ5AE Войсил ☀️ (VO-1)", "to_node_name": "Kozarsko GW (KZRG)", "snr": 0.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 25043.058258113946, "from_location_timestamp": 1768416573.3232055, "to_location_timestamp": 1762696715.3808465, "from_location_age_warning": "from 8.4w later", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.0w ago" }, { "hop_number": 4, "from_node_id": 2661330740, "to_node_id": 2492442225, "from_node_name": "Kozarsko GW (KZRG)", "to_node_name": "!948fa671", "snr": 5.5, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 5, "from_node_id": 2492442225, "to_node_id": 3891375970, "from_node_name": "!948fa671", "to_node_name": "!e7f1af62", "snr": 0.25, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "return_hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 3891375970, "to_node_id": 2492442225, "from_node_name": "!e7f1af62", "to_node_name": "!948fa671", "snr": -7.0, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "total_forward_distance": 25043.058258113946, "total_return_distance": 0 }
Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)
{ "service_envelope": { "packet": { "from": 3891375970, "to": 2505744812, "channel": 37, "decoded": { "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "payload": "ChCM+KGAzPPZYjSvoJ5xpo+UEhfO//////////8B2P//////////AQAWARoEcaaPlCIK5P//////////AQ==", "request_id": 2618348018, "bitfield": 1 }, "id": 763819305, "rx_time": 1763316141, "rx_snr": 6.25, "hop_limit": 2, "want_ack": true, "rx_rssi": -39, "hop_start": 2, "relay_node": 113 }, "channel_id": "Bulgaria", "gateway_id": "!9ea0af34" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 3891375970, "to": 2505744812, "channel": 37, "decoded": { "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "payload": "ChCM+KGAzPPZYjSvoJ5xpo+UEhfO//////////8B2P//////////AQAWARoEcaaPlCIK5P//////////AQ==", "request_id": 2618348018, "bitfield": 1, "parsed_payload": { "route": [ 2158098572, 1658450892, 2661330740, 2492442225 ], "snr_towards": [ -50, -40, 0, 22, 1 ], "route_back": [ 2492442225 ], "snr_back": [ -28 ], "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "message_class": "RouteDiscovery" } }, "id": 763819305, "rx_time": 1763316141, "rx_snr": 6.25, "hop_limit": 2, "want_ack": true, "rx_rssi": -39, "hop_start": 2, "relay_node": 113 } }
Raw Packet Data (61 bytes)
0a108cf8a180ccf3d96234afa09e71a68f941217ceffffffffffffffff01d8ffffffffffffffff010016011a0471a68f94220ae4ffffffffffffffff01
Hex Analysis:
Size:61 bytes
Format:Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:Binary with varint and length-delimited fields
This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.
All Receptions
All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID
Reception Locations

Loading reception map...

Map shows gateway locations that received this packet. Hop counts are displayed if available.
Gateway Time Offset RSSI SNR Hops Relay Channel Timestamp Actions
Kozarsko GW (KZRG) Primary 0.000s
Reference 		-39.0 dBm 6.25 dB 0 71 a671 Bulgaria 2025-11-16 18:02:23 UTC Current
0 hops (direct receptions) Gateways that heard the packet directly from the source
Kozarsko GW (KZRG) +0.010s
After 		-39.0 dBm 6.25 dB 0 71 a671 Bulgaria 2025-11-16 18:02:23 UTC View
2

Total Receptions

1

Unique Gateways